STIR/SHAKEN (Secure Telephone Identity Revisited / Signature-based Handling of Asserted information using toKENs) is the technical framework for authenticating caller ID information in SIP-based VoIP networks — designed to combat robocall spoofing where fraudsters falsify caller ID to impersonate trusted organisations. STIR (IETF RFCs 8226, 8555) provides the cryptographic signing mechanism; SHAKEN (ATIS-1000074) defines the operational deployment framework across carrier networks.

Mandatory for US carriers since June 2021 (FCC SHAKEN mandate), STIR/SHAKEN is being adopted across Canada, the UK, and increasingly referenced by TRAI in India as the Telecom Act 2023 strengthens robocall prevention. For Indian VoIP providers, SIP trunk operators, and BPOs handling US outbound calling, STIR/SHAKEN is becoming a commercial necessity — with carriers refusing unauthenticated traffic.

🌍 India Trajectory: TRAI's TCCCPR regulations and blockchain consent platform are India's current approach to robocall prevention. STIR/SHAKEN-aligned caller authentication is expected to be incorporated into India's VoIP framework as the Telecom Act 2023 rules are notified.